2024 展望 | 新加坡市场:动态资产配置

投资多种资产类别是稳定回报的好方法。但在正确的时间增持正确的资产类别会更好。

在这个不寻常的时期充满了不确定性

在当前环境下存在许多问题:

  • 只持有现金和债券是否更好?
  • 或者是时候开始增加一些股票了?
  • 房地产资产怎么样?

如果确实是多元化的时候了:

  • 我应该为每个资产类别分配多少资金?
  • 我什么时候应该重新平衡?

即使在熟悉的经济周期中,这些问题对投资者来说也很难回答。然而,当前的经济周期远非我们所熟悉的。新加坡的借贷利率接近历史最高水平,而通货膨胀已经有15年没有达到这个水平了。

虽然这些预计明年会有所缓解,但不太可能回到新冠疫情前十年的宽松货币状况。这种情况预计将持续数年,导致包括我们自己在内的许多资产管理公司认为,我们正在进入一个“更高、更长久”的时代。

资产类别的波动性可能差异很大

在这种陌生的新背景下,如何、在何处以及何时进行投资的问题似乎更加令人畏惧。很可能会出现新的机遇和新的风险。

在这种不确定的市场中,多元化显得尤为重要,而新加坡作为拥有广泛投资机会的成熟金融中心,非常适合多元化战略。图 1 显示了新加坡股票回报率和波动性与新加坡债券的不同之处。

2024 展望 | 新加坡市场:动态资产配置 — Engage

事实上,新加坡被称为防御性市场。

在过去的一年里,海峡时报指数(STI)成功抵御了一些压力,例如摩根士丹利资本国际亚洲(日本除外)指数。

2024 展望 | 新加坡市场:动态资产配置 — Engage

不仅仅是资产类别的随机组合

多元化很重要,不仅因为把所有鸡蛋放在一个篮子里是不明智的。还可以通过将投资组合分散到不同的资产类别和行业(尤其是那些彼此之间具有低相关性或负相关性的资产类别和行业)来稳定投资组合回报。

重要的是,高度相关的资产类别(例如美国和欧洲股票)的投资组合的多元化收益有限,因为这两个行业往往通过向相同的方向和相似的程度移动来对事件做出反应。

另一方面,包含低相关性资产的投资组合将享受更高的多元化收益。这是因为投资组合中资产的价格变动之间存在弱关系,这有助于确保无论环境如何,都能获得稳定的回报。

例如,下图展示了如何通过组合新加坡股票和新加坡债券这两种资产类别,在相同的回报水平下实现较低的波动性。

2024 展望 | 新加坡市场:动态资产配置 — Engage

在五年期间,由 50% 新加坡股票和 50% 新加坡债券组成的投资组合所带来的回报与这两种资产类别的平均回报(即中点)相同。然而,其波动性比平均水平低约五分之一。这是因为,当新加坡股票价格下跌时,新加坡债券价格往往会上涨,反之亦然,从而确保投资组合不易受到极端价格波动的影响。

这意味着,为了有效地实现多元化,投资者不仅必须确保多种资产类别的组合,而且还必须确保资产类别的最佳组合。除了债券和股票之外,多元化的投资组合往往还包括大宗商品和房地产等其他资产类别。这些都是由不同因素驱动的,因此相关性往往较低。

动态资产配置有效吗?

通过相关性较低的资产投资组合实现多元化后,投资组合可以动态重新平衡吗?如果是这样,这将是有助于降低投资组合风险的最佳多元化和有助于提高回报的动态再平衡的强大组合。

然而,根据短期信息形成坚定的信念可能很困难。因此,许多投资者选择每年或每半年审查一次他们的投资组合配置。

为了测试这一潜力,咱们研究了投资于相同五种资产类别的两个投资组合的表现:新加坡股票、新加坡 REIT(房地产投资信托)、新加坡债券、新加坡货币市场工具和亚洲股票:

  • 一个投资组合是静态的,并且在所有资产类别中的权重相同。
  • 另一个是每季度重新平衡一次。

如下所示的结果表明,使用动态资产配置方法可以获得更高的回报。动态投资组合的波动性也较小,尤其是在新冠疫情、俄罗斯入侵和开始加息等重大事件期间。

2024 展望 | 新加坡市场:动态资产配置 — Engage

好处但也有挑战

随着世界接受长期较高的利率制度,多元化是关键,即使投资组合基本上是静态的。正如投资格言所说,“在市场上的时间比把握市场时机更重要”。

展望2024

鉴于经济的不确定性,我们认为,在进入新的一年之际,新加坡投资者应该采取更具防御性的策略,采取更加积极的资产配置决策。

Important: The information and opinions in this article are for general information purposes only. They should not be relied on as professional financial advice. Readers should seek independent financial advice that is customised to their specific financial objectives, situations & needs. This advertisement or publication has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

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In compliance with the Personal Data Protection Act, Financial Alliance Pte Ltd (“FAPL”) seek your consent to collect and use your personal data (e.g. name, NRIC, contact numbers, mailing addresses, email addresses and photograph) for the purposes of and in accordance with FAPL’s Data Protection Policy, which can be found on FAPL’s website at https://fa.com.sg/data-protection-policy/.

根据《个人数据保护法》,鑫盟理财私人有限公司征求您的同意向您收集并使用您的个人信息。鑫盟理财将根据公司的个人数据保护政策所阐述的用途使用您的个人资料(例如姓名,证件号码,联系电话,邮寄地址,电邮地址和照片)。 该政策可在本公司网站上查寻,网址为 https://fa.com.sg/data-protection-policy/.

By submitting this form, you are deemed to have read and understood FAPL’s Personal Data Policy.

提交此表格,即表示您已阅读并理解鑫盟理财私人有限公司的个人数据政策