新加坡保险 – 一文讲清楚指数型万能寿险 IUL – Indexed Universal Life

IUL(Indexed Universal Life),   中文名是指数投资型万能寿险。它是一款在1997年在美国推出的同时具有投资和保险属性的产品。到2022年底,IUL产品在美国寿险产品中已经成为仅次于终身寿险的第二大险种,也是过去十年里成长最快的险种。目前新加坡市场也有好几家保险公司提供这一类产品。

IUL的基本属性是一款终身寿险产品,理赔条件非常简单,身故即理赔。只要保险合同还有效,身故就可以获得理赔。它跟传统意义上的终身寿险比较,最大优势就是保费便宜,而且保费缴纳具有灵活性。

1.IUL产品结构设计

新加坡保险 - 一文讲清楚指数型万能寿险 IUL - Indexed Universal Life — Engage

客户缴纳的保费在扣除相关费用后,就可以进入客户名下的账户。客户名下会有两种类型的账户,分别为固定账户和指数账户。你可以选择把这笔钱放入到保证收益的固定账户里,每年获得不低于1.5%的保证回报。也可以选择把钱放入对标股票指数的指数账户里。到这里,客户都可以理解为自己把保费存在了保险公司,保险公司根据不同的账户类型,按不同的利率水平支付给我们利息。而我们账户里的钱就是用于今后抵扣保费的,或者退保变现的。只要一直有钱足够抵扣保费,保单就一直有效。

2. IUL指数账户的利率如何决定

IUL指数账户的利率高低直接就决定了客户的投资收益。那么这个利率水平是如何决定的呢?这就是IUL产品设计的与众不同之处。保险公司让指数账户的利率与市场指数,比如和美国的S&P500指数,香港的恒生指数和欧洲的斯托克50指数的表现挂钩。当年如果市场指数上涨6%,那么保险公司就会给指数账户的利率定为6%,客户就可以得到6%的利息。但是市场有风险,上下波动大,如果当年市场指数表现为下跌6%,客户会对此承担风险吗,会损失本金吗?答案是不会的,保险公司对于这个市场风险是有兜底的。保险公司承诺无论市场指数下跌多少,客户的收益最少是0%而不会是负数,这就是所谓的floor rate。因为保险公司承诺的这个floor rate,有效降低了客户的风险,做为交换,当市场环境好的时候,保险公司给客户的收益有上限封顶,就是所谓的 cap rate。即无论市场涨多少,客户收益最多也就是cap rate这样多了,每家保险公司封顶的利率不一样,有的公司9点几,有的公司10点几。IUL这个产品就设计成这样,让客户的收益在floor rate 和cap rate这样一个区间内变动,所以,保险公司通常会以这个做为卖点,声称IUL是具有保底这样的一个投资属性。

新加坡保险 - 一文讲清楚指数型万能寿险 IUL - Indexed Universal Life — Engage

上图是以标普500指数面世66年以来的历史走势。66年中,有47年指数是上涨的,18年指数是下跌的。所以从历史数据来看,指数取得正回报的概率是大的。

到目前为止,是不是觉得IUL真是一款利率有保障,只涨不跌的产品,真是完美!但是我们要知道市面上根本就没有一款完美的产品,下面我们来看看IUL的不完美之处。

3. IUL是每月收费的,但是收费明确写在合同里的,非常透明、清楚。

好多的文章中却只字未提IUL收费的事情。收费其实可以理解,保险公司要能够正常的,挣着合理的利润经营下去的话,它是需要有确定的收入来源的。IUL产品,保险公司收费是很清楚明白的写在合同里的,不存在乱收费的现象。所以在购买IUL之前应该看清楚IUL的收费结构,觉得能够接受,才购买。

4. IUL的保单在理论上有可能会断保,虽然实际上来看目前还未出现这种状况

这一点也很少有文章提及,如果在最为极端的市场状况下,即连续25年,市场指数表现都是负数增长的,我们的指数账户没有任何收益,那么由于保险公司不停的在收取费用,客户最初支付的保费很可能被费用抵扣完,一旦保费无法支付保险公司收取的费用,而如果客户又不再补交保费,这张保单就会作废。所以买了IUL之后还是应该进行年度检视,看看我们的账户余额是否足够支付费用。

从上图标普500指数面世66年以来的历史走势来看,指数最糟糕的是1998-2000年,因为互联网泡沫的破裂,连续3年下跌。所以市场指数要连续25年下跌不间断,概率应该是非常非常小的。

所以总结一下,

IUL保险的优点:

  1. 保费相对于传统终身寿险要便宜许多,保险杠杆大
  2. 保费的缴纳灵活,可以一次性付费,也可以分期付费,在保险公司同意的情况下甚至可以额外多交保费
  3. 保单可以贷款,解决短期现金流的问题
  4. 收益保底,同时又有获得较高的投资收益的可能
  5. 很好的财富传承作用。10左右倍的杠杆率,加上 保险理赔金的私密性,免税等性质,配合保险信托的使用,可以有效帮助财富在家庭成员代际之间的有效转移和传承

IUL保险的缺点:

  1. 收益不稳定,因为和股指挂钩,年收益率随市场变换。不能像分红型终身寿险产品一样,给出确定的年收益率。
  2. 投资回报有封顶,保险公司在市场环境不好的情况下,给投资者保底,作为交换,当市场好的时候,保险公司支付给投资者的年收益率有上限封顶Cap rate。这些利率指标由保险公司决定

IUL适合人群:

  1. 追求终身保障
  2. 有中长期财务规划需求
  3. 有确定的财富传承需求的人士

最后说明一点,传统上IUL保险是受到高净值人士的青睐,但IUL实际上保费并没有贵到离谱,甚至可能比有的终身寿险还便宜。

目前能够售卖IUL产品的国家就只有新加坡、美国和百慕大。如果想进一步了解详情,欢迎咨询!

Important: The information and opinions in this article are for general information purposes only. They should not be relied on as professional financial advice. Readers should seek independent financial advice that is customised to their specific financial objectives, situations & needs. This advertisement or publication has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

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理财是一种生活理念和生活方式的选择,通过合理的投资理财规划,可以帮助我们实现财富增值、财务自由。

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请让我陪伴您这一段意义非凡的通往财富自由之路的旅程!

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