新加坡 | 一文告诉大家,什么是家族办公室。

在一些私募基金中,我们会看到主要的投资人为家族办公室。

家族办公室规模可大可小,小至不到十人,大到数十人,取决于提供服务的内容以及管理资产规模大小,到底什么是家族办公室?家族办公室目前在全球的发展现况为何呢?

家族办公室是什么?

家族办公室(family office)是私人财富管理顾问公司,专门为超高净值客户的家庭提供服务,通常是总资产在1亿美元以上的高净值客户,管理千万美元以上的资产,才符合门槛以及有成本效益。

其实可以把它简单想成一间专门为高资产人士服务的秘书与后勤服务公司,服务的对象则是从一个家庭到一整个家族,核心业务主要是以资产管理及传承为出发,涵盖包括投资、税务、法律等等专业领域。

家族办公室跟一般银行的财富管理不同的地方在于,家族办公室的服务范围不仅只有投资,而是更全面的涵盖财务、法律、会计、税务、慈善等全方位的服务。

家族办公室可以由个人与家族自行成立,或者委由专业机构代办,在不同国家会针对家族办公室这类公司型态及管理资产有不同的规范和税务及设立门槛,有些国家甚至在投资上有免税的优惠,

目前近几年有家族办公室需求的人,大多是希望能在资产的管理上得到更多税务优惠的高资产人士为主。

家族办公室的服务范围

家族办公室主要可以分为两种型态:

1. 家族自己聘请人做资产管理

这种通常范围就比较窄,大多是以投资管理为核心,主要会聘请投资专业的经理,有时候也会包括会计师、律师,

除非是非常有规模及历史的大家族,否则人员规模一般不会太大,为家族事业进行服务,其他额外做到甚么程度取决于想做多少事及花多少钱。

这类家族办公室的型态跟开公司一样,由聘雇者支付薪资奖金,跟一般的信托或基金不同,并不会根据管理的资金规模收取管理费。

若家族有其他专业服务的需求,如法律、慈善服务等,也可以将部分服务外包。

2. 委托专业机构代办

有些专业机构,会专门提供家族办公室的外包托管服务,

这种方式服务范围就会相当多元,收费也会以管理费方式为主。

为了服务这些超级富豪,家族办公室需要来自各行各业的专业人士,包含律师、保险规划师、会计师、遗产规划师、专业商业人士、基金经理人等。

家族办公室提供的服务包含现金管理、风险管理、税务规划、慈善规划、房产规划、资产投资、遗产规划等。有些甚至还会包含生活管理(如飞机和游艇管理、旅游规划、礼宾管理)及家庭财富教育(教育下一代正确的财富及价值观)还有各式各样的顾问服务等。

如果是委由外面专业机构管理的家族办公室,收费方式一般可分为以下三种:

  • 收取产品佣金:借由客户投资的产品赚取产品佣金
  • 收取管理费+投资收益分成:收取一笔基本的管理费加上投资收益分成
  • 收取固定年费:即收取固定的顾问费或咨询费

在西方市场,收取固定年费是较主流的方式,因为这样才能避免利益冲突,并且把客户的利益放在最优先。

 

家族办公室都在投资什么?

家族办公室可以根据家族本身的需求,为客户提供客制化的投资管理方案,投资范围包含一般的标准化投资产品,

如股票、债券、ETF、基金等,另外也会包含私募股权、奢侈品、加密货币、不动产等。

一般来说,设立家族办公室会时也会聘请专业人士 (自建的管理团队规模一般不大,通常1~5人管理投资组合,其他则有少量行政、会计税务、法务等人员),或者委外代为操作资产,根据瑞士银行和Campden Research做的《2019年全球家族办公室报告》,私募股权(可以理解成没有上市的公司)占全球家族办公室投资组合的约20%,平均回报有8.6%~16%。

家族办公室的优点

家族办公室对于高资产的家族来说,拥有以下好处。

优点1:具有财务及税务上的优势

家族办公室将家族的资产集中在一起,因为资金够庞大,投资标的上比一般人有更广泛的选择,在营运成本上也可以更低、更具有效率。

另外税务优势也是相当主要的考量,有些家族办公室会设立在一些有税务优势的地区(例如新加坡),让家族资产的投资资本利得、股利、利息,取得免税或低税率的优惠,相较用个人名义或公司名义投资也会更有优势和弹性。

优点2:提高家族内部的透明度及信任度

家族办公室是信息的汇总中心,并且会定期向家族成员报告,提高家族内部整体的透明度跟信任度。

优点3:协助家族做世代交接

那些希望将家族企业延续几代的家庭,会需要有人协助他们事先做好规划,家族办公室可以负责下一代的发展计划,以确保家族成员可以做好准备进入像是董事会这样重要的组织。

优点4:隐私保护

家族办公室可以将家族敏感的信息保留在家族办公室内,而不是跟多家金融机构和外包机构合作,增加了讯息泄漏的风险,这可以保护家族免于受到勒索或诈欺等各种威胁。

 

总结

家族办公室(family office)是私人财富管理顾问公司,专门为超高净值客户的家庭提供服务,通常是总资产在1亿美元*以上的高净值客户。

家族办公室跟一般银行的财富管理不同的地方在于,它的服务范围不仅只有投资,而是更全面的涵盖财务、法律、会计、及税务等全方位的服务。

家族办公室的投资范围除了常见的股票、债券、ETF、基金,也会包含私募股权、奢侈品、加密货币、不动产等。

并不是说要拿出1亿美元才能设立家族办公室,实际上不需要那么多,例如刚开始拿出作为管理的资产也许是其中一两千万美元。主要是资产达到1亿美元这程度的人,比较可能会有家族办公室需求,也负担的起成本。

 

如果对家族办公室感兴趣的,请联系新加坡全牌照独立理财顾问:jolysse邬宇思- WA:65-90088276

Important: The information and opinions in this article are for general information purposes only. They should not be relied on as professional financial advice. Readers should seek independent financial advice that is customised to their specific financial objectives, situations & needs. This advertisement or publication has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

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根据《个人数据保护法》,鑫盟理财私人有限公司征求您的同意向您收集并使用您的个人信息。鑫盟理财将根据公司的个人数据保护政策所阐述的用途使用您的个人资料(例如姓名,证件号码,联系电话,邮寄地址,电邮地址和照片)。 该政策可在本公司网站上查寻,网址为 https://fa.com.sg/data-protection-policy/.

By submitting this form, you are deemed to have read and understood FAPL’s Personal Data Policy.

提交此表格,即表示您已阅读并理解鑫盟理财私人有限公司的个人数据政策