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什么是信托？为什么要设立信托？

【一分钟速读：】

  • 信托常用于保护未成年或缺乏理财能力的家庭成员。
  • 信托也是跨代传承财富、保护资产不受债权人或婚姻纠纷影响的有效工具。
  • 理解可撤销与不可撤销信托、固定与酌情信托的区别，以及设立信托的成本，对财富传承至关重要。

一、信托是什么？

信托是一种法律安排，委托人（如您）可将资产交由受托人管理，并根据您的意愿，为指定的受益人（如家人、朋友或慈善机构）利益服务。

信托资产可包括：现金、股票、房地产，甚至家族企业等。

您可设定资产分配的时间、金额、方式，也可指定投资和分配的规则。受托人有法律义务在受益人最佳利益的基础上行事，您也可指定“保护人”来监督受托人，防止其滥权。

二、为什么要设立信托？

1. 保护年轻或弱势的受益人

信托最常用于保护未成年子女、特殊需求人士或缺乏理财能力的人群，避免他们一次性继承大量遗产。

此外，信托可绕过遗嘱认证过程，避免资产分配的法律延迟。

2. 财富传承与资产管理

信托可帮助有计划地将财富传递给子孙后代，并设定投资、分配等规则，让财富传承更稳健。

3. 抵御债务与婚姻风险

某些信托可保护资产不被债权人追讨，适用于法律风险较高的行业从业者。

信托也能防止资产在受益人离婚时被视为可分割的婚姻财产（例如：设立预留信托）。

4. 合理税务规划

可将资产收入分配给低税阶家属，从而合法减少整体税务负担；同时也可防止某些国家的资本利得税或遗产税。

三、信托的类型与特征

1. 可撤销 vs 不可撤销信托

  • 可撤销信托：委托人可随时更改或终止信托，灵活但法律保护较弱。
  • 不可撤销信托：一旦设立并转入资产后不可修改，委托人不再拥有控制权，法律保护力强。

新加坡法律下，如要对抗债权人，不可撤销信托必须设立超过5年。

2. 固定信托 vs 酌情信托

  • 固定信托：设立时就确定每位受益人获得的份额和条件，受托人仅依照执行。
  • 酌情信托：受托人有权决定何时、如何以及分配给谁，更灵活，也更具法律保护效果。

建议与律师咨询，确保在特定情况下具备合法性和保护效力。

四、设立信托的成本

设立费用因法律事务复杂程度不同，从数千新币至超过S$20,000不等；此外，还需承担年度管理费。

政府支持信托（特殊需求人群）

如新加坡的 Special Needs Trust Company (SNTC)，为身心障碍者设立的非营利信托服务，费用90%-100%由社会及家庭发展部（MSF）补贴。

五、常见的信托类型

1. 遗嘱信托（Will Trust）

  • 设于遗嘱中，仅在委托人去世后生效。
  • 需经过遗嘱认证（Grant of Probate）后，资产才会转入信托并执行。
  • 若生前丧失意识（如患失智症、昏迷），则遗嘱信托将无法启动。
  • 成本最低，直到信托激活后才产生年度管理费。

2. 生前信托（Living Trust）

  • 委托人生前设立，立即具法律效力。
  • 可将资产转入信托名下，并支持 CPF 提名、保单转让。
  • 可在委托人丧失意识或身故后继续保障家属生活。
  • 通常用于税务优化和资产保护。
  • 成本高于遗嘱信托，包括印花税、设立费与管理费。

3. 备用信托（Standby Trust）

  • 结合遗嘱与生前信托优势。
  • 设立时资产投入极少甚至为零，仅在未来触发事件（如失智、身故）后启用。
  • 费用低，仍可提供 CPF 提名与保单指派的功能。
  • 在信托处于“休眠”状态时几乎无年费。

结语：

信托不再只是高净值人士专属工具。若您希望实现：资产保护、财富有序传承、灵活分配、法律隔离风险，那么信托值得纳入您的财富规划之中。

📩 如您希望进一步了解适合您家庭结构与财务目标的信托类型，欢迎随时联系我 Katrina，一起探讨适合您的财富传承方案。

Important: The information and opinions in this article are for general information purposes only. They should not be relied on as professional financial advice. Readers should seek unbiased financial advice that is customised to their specific financial objectives, situations & needs. This advertisement or publication has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

Published By:

Katrina Cao Shaoxin曹少辛

大家好！我是Katrina，新加坡南洋理工大学研究生毕业，在会计、人事及运营领域深耕9年。这些年，我积累了丰富的行业经验，曾在对外贸易公司、零售业以及初创公司担任重要岗位。

如今，我是一名专业的理财顾问。我始终秉持“客户至上”的理念，致力于为客户提供个性化的资产与保险规划方案，帮助他们实现财务自由与财富增长。

我的专业领域包括：

  • 外国人及新移民在新加坡的资产与保险配置。
  • 出海出创企业的财产保险及员工福利配置。

我还热衷于教育，尤其推崇IB素质教育体系。我相信学习应从兴趣出发，在“玩中学”中激发孩子的求知欲与主动探索精神。希望与有相同理念的家长共同探讨教育经验，让孩子在快乐中成长。

欢迎来到我的博客，和我一起探讨财务规划及企业保险规划等话题！

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In compliance with the Personal Data Protection Act, Financial Alliance Pte Ltd (“FAPL”) seek your consent to collect and use your personal data (e.g. name, NRIC, contact numbers, mailing addresses, email addresses and photograph) for the purposes of and in accordance with FAPL’s Data Protection Policy, which can be found on FAPL’s website at https://fa.com.sg/data-protection-policy/.

根据《个人数据保护法》，鑫盟理财私人有限公司征求您的同意向您收集并使用您的个人信息。鑫盟理财将根据公司的个人数据保护政策所阐述的用途使用您的个人资料（例如姓名，证件号码，联系电话，邮寄地址，电邮地址和照片）。 该政策可在本公司网站上查寻，网址为 https://fa.com.sg/data-protection-policy/.

By submitting this form, you are deemed to have read and understood FAPL’s Personal Data Policy.

提交此表格，即表示您已阅读并理解鑫盟理财私人有限公司的个人数据政策