新加坡CPF:保障未来 还能钱生钱!

什么是新加坡公积金?

新加坡的公积金(CPF)是一个强制性社会保障体系,帮助新加坡公民和永久居(PR)作为退休储蓄,也可以用于住房、医疗、教育和部分保险。可以把公积金账户看作一个银行账户,账户内有利息,并且可以用来投资基金获取更高回报。但公积金账户的流动性有限,只有在特定情况下(如买房、医疗或退休),才能提取账户中的钱。

自新加坡独立以来,CPF制度不断完善改进,以适应社会变化和人们的需求。在55岁之前,公积金分为三个账户(即OA,SA和MA账户),雇主和雇员每月都需缴纳公积金

 

CPF账户的细节

新加坡的公积金(CPF)的每个账户有不同的用途和利率,具体细节如下:

1. OrdinaryAccount(简称OA,普通账户)
OA账户是最常用的公积金账户,主要用于购买住房、支付保险和进行投资。每月存入OA账户的资金会按利率计算利息,这些利息会自动转入OA账户,增加账户总额。

2. Special Account(简称SA,特别账户)
SA账户主要用于积累个人退休金。其年利率为4%,是CPF账户中利率最高的部分。通过在SA账户中的积累,个人能够为退休后提供更为充裕的资金保障。

3. Medisave Account(简称MA,保健储蓄账户)
MA账户用于支付医疗相关费用,包括住院费用和医疗保险等。这为公积金持有者提供了额外的健康保障,确保在需要医疗服务时能得到及时支持。

4. Retirement Account(简称RA,退休账户)
RA账户会在55岁后自动生成,其资金主要来自SA和/或OA账户。退休金将从支付资格年龄开始的每月支付,对于1954年或之后出生的成员,该年龄为65岁。这为个人提供持续的退休收入,帮助保障退休后的生活质量。

新加坡CPF:保障未来 还能钱生钱! — Engage

 

 

谁需要缴纳新加坡公积金?

所有新加坡公民和永久居民(PR),无论是全职、兼职还是临时受雇的,每月都必须缴纳公积金。

若是自雇人士,只需缴纳保健储蓄(Medisave),其他账户的缴纳是自愿的。自愿缴纳的公积金将根据公积金分配率按供款比率分配并计入个人的普通、特别和保健储蓄账户。

在其他某些实行公积金制度的国家,人们通常会尽量支取公积金存款,但新加坡人更愿意将资金存入公积金账户,因为它提供更高且安全的回报,这也证明了新加坡公积金制度的可靠性。

 

新加坡公积金的缴纳比率

不同年龄段的公积金缴款和分配比例各有不同,以确保员工在不同人生阶段的需求得到满足。随着年龄的增长,工资提取和公积金缴款比例逐渐减少,但保健储蓄账户(MA)的分配比例则会增加,主要是为了应对医疗保健需求,特别是退休期间。

新加坡CPF:保障未来 还能钱生钱! — Engage

 

 

新加坡公积金有哪些优势?

1. 无风险与政府保障
新加坡公积金的资金由政府管理,且具有极高的安全性。因为政府承诺在很大程度上保障这些资金的安全性,公积金账户中的资金不会受到市场波动或经济衰退的直接影响。这为储户提供了很高的安全感,也让这些资金几乎没有任何风险。

2. 高于市场水平的利率
公积金账户的利率远高于商业银行的定期存款利率,这也是新加坡公积金制度的一个巨大优势。例如,普通的公积金账户利率为2.5%,而为退休储蓄而设的“退休账户(RA)”的利率甚至能达到4%至6%(部分情况下)。相比之下,普通银行存款的利率甚至不到1%。公积金的这种高回报,相当于政府为国民提供的高效理财服务。

3. 公积金可继承
由于公积金都是独立的账户, 如果您离世,继承人可以领取CPF LIFE账户中的余额,包括您个人缴纳的部分、雇主缴纳的部分,以及这些年积累的利息和复利。每年年底,利息会自动转入您的公积金账户。

 

新加坡公积金可用来投资?

可以!新加坡公积金制度给国民用公积金存款去投资的机会。用CPF做投资,只跟两个账户有关系: 普通账户(OA)和特别账户(SA)。考虑公积金投资之前,一定要记得公积金本身的利息(OA 2.5%,SA 4.14%),投资回报率一定要高过 2.5% 和 4.14%才有意义,否则投资就不具备优势,甚至可能面临风险。 公积金局对于OA 和 SA两个账户的投资限制是不同的。请看下图:

新加坡CPF:保障未来 还能钱生钱! — Engage

  • 普通账户(OA:必须保持至少 2万元。也就是说,OA账户内超过2万元的部分可以用于投资。OA账户的投资选项较为广泛,包括股票、黄金、高风险的挂牌基金(ETFs)、以及主动管理型基金等。这为那些愿意承担较高风险的投资者提供了更大的灵活性,但同样伴随着更高的风险。
  • 特别账户(SA:必须保持至少 4万元。与OA账户相比,SA账户的投资选项要少得多。因为SA账户中的资金主要是为养老储蓄,所以公积金局不会允许投资者进行高风险投资。选择上更加保守,以确保成员的退休金安全。

 

作为一个稳健的投资者来说,公积金账户的利息已经相当有吸引力,特别是SA账户的 4.14% 的年利率,如果你不打算承担过多风险,直接将资金保存在公积金账户里已经能获得相对较高的回报。

对于家庭可投资资产来说,稳健的资产配置仍然是首选。家庭投资组合中的大部分资产应该是稳健的、低风险的基金。除非,公积金的储备已经很高,并且占据了你投资资产的大部分,那么可以考虑将一小部分公积金用于长期、预期收益较高的基金投资,但要确保这些投资不会影响你的退休资金安全。

 

最后,通过深入了解公积金(CPF)账户,我们可以更好地利用其在购房、医疗、退休和保险方面的功能。同时,还可以通过多样化的投资选择,为未来的财务打下坚实的基础。作为新加坡公民和永久居民,充分利用CPF的税收优惠,制定合理的财富规划,为退休生活和家庭的未来创造稳定的财务保障。

若想了解更多公积金退休的详情或对公积金投资有疑问,欢迎随时联系我。

微信号:a19842182457 WA+65 9465 3813

Important: The information and opinions in this article are for general information purposes only. They should not be relied on as professional financial advice. Readers should seek independent financial advice that is customised to their specific financial objectives, situations & needs. This advertisement or publication has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

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Martin Hsia 乙未

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