新加披IUL详细解说系列–1:什么是指数型万能寿险?

做为一名新加披全方位理财副总监,这几年海外高净值客户咨询最多的产品除了定期寿险就是IUL(指数型万能寿险), 根据公司内部的数据,最近三年,IUL的签单量每年都在翻倍。 那么IUL为什么如此受欢迎,到底这个产品确实是个非常好的工具还是一个智商税,我会用6期的内容与大家共同深度挖掘,客观的分析IUL的优缺点,相信您读完这些文章会对这类产品有一个更深刻的了解。

什么是指数型万能寿险(IUL)

IUL 是一种结合 寿险保障 + 指数挂钩现金价值 的终身寿险。它既能提供身故赔偿,又能通过与指数挂钩实现现金价值的潜在增长,同时在下跌年份提供 0% 的保底,给客户更灵活的资金安排与财富规划工具。保单现金价值并不是直接投资于指数,而是根据指数表现,通过保险公司设定的 上限(cap)下限(floor,一般为0%) 来决定派息(现在也有一些IUL没有上限,接下来的文章我会讲到)

IUL的三大功能:

第一是转移财务风险:一旦家庭的经济支柱或公司关键人物意外离世,最直接的风险就是收入中断。家人的生活开销、房贷、孩子教育、甚至企业运转都会受到冲击。客户可以通过IUL用较低的保费,撬动出一笔很高的人寿保障。比如交 5 年,每年几十万美金,就能换来几百万美金的身故保障。

第二,财富放大与传承:IUL 把有限的保费放大成高额的人寿保额 → 相当于一笔“放大版的遗产”。客户生前享有保单的灵活性。客户离世时,受益人能一次性领取巨额的理赔金,而且在新加坡是免税的。

第三是挂钩指数,财富增长:保单价值长期来看稳中有升,不会因为短期市场下跌而亏损(最差就是零收益)。有现金价值积累时,可以通过贷款或提取灵活使用,满足教育金、养老、企业备用金等需求。

现在我们用一个40岁男性,不吸烟,5年缴费,100万美金的保额为例子,讲解一下IUL:

我们可以清楚的看到,100万美金保额的IUL,5年缴费,100% 指数账户,每年的保费只需要:23,938美金。

以6.25%的演示利率来看:在第9年保单的账户价值达到121,991,就已经超过了总保费119,690美金。

在第11年,退保保本(退保价值:122,194美金)

在第20年,保单现金价值达到192,960美金,是总保费的1.6倍

在第30年,保单现金价值达到325,434美金,是总保费的2.7倍

在第40年,保单现金价值达到516,259美金,是总保费的4.3倍

在第50年,保单现金价值达到733,527美金,是总保费的6.1倍

在第60年也就是客户的年龄达到100岁的时候,保单现金价值突破100万美金与保额持平。

演示利率的6.25%是怎么来的?

这个数据是保险公司根据自己指数账户的范围,比如0%-9% 回溯过去30年标普500的回报率的出来的。 所以说,IUL保单计划书上使用的演示派息率并不是一个虚高的数字,而是根据历史实际情况得出的比较合理的预期。正是因为比较高的预期收益,IUL保单可以提供比其他终身寿险保单更高的人寿杠杆。核心逻辑就是交的保费在保单里可以更快地增值,足以覆盖保险公司需要扣除的保险成本,所以保同样的人寿保额,IUL需要交的保费更少。

现在越来越多的保险公司推出不同种类的指数,不过大众最认可,最稳妥,而且每家公司都会有的一个指数就是标普500指数。标普500是由美国标准普尔公司编制的,追踪美国市值最大的500家上市公司。代表美国经济最核心的企业,涵盖科技,金融,医疗,消费等多个行业,我们一起看一起标普500指数过去50年的涨跌情况:

绿色是上涨,红色是下跌。我们可以清楚的看到,过去50年里面,标普500有39年在上涨,11年下跌。所以长期来看,下跌的年份通常伴随这经济危机,单很快会被复苏和增长所取代。过去50年,标普500的平均年华收益率大概是10%。

到这里,问题又来了,有的朋友可能会说,标普500这么好,我直接投资标普500就好了,为什么还要买IUL? 我们看一下下面的这张图:

我们可以很清楚的看到,如果直接投资到指数,尤其是一笔投资的话,市场大涨的时候我们的确可以有更丰厚的回报,但是如果市场大跌的话,我们之前的积累就又还回给市场了。但是在IUL的指数账户里面的钱,一单转到了收益,这些收益会被锁定下来,不会因为之后市场的下跌而消失。这也是为什么很多高净值客户喜欢这款产品的原因:可以享受一部分市场上涨的红利,但是不用承担市场下跌的风险。

IUL的费用:

IUL是一个比较复杂的产品,为了更好的让大家理解,我们可以把IUL的账户价值比喻成一个边进水边出水的蓄水池。

进水的部分包括:保费以及指数账户的利息,出水部分:各种费用以及偶尔的现金提取。

正常情况下,进水的速度(也就是保单里的投资收益)应该快于出水的速度(也就是保单的各项扣费),这样水缸里的水就会越来越多,保单的价值也会逐渐累积,到了100岁的时候保单的现金价值涨到与保额相同。
但如果市场长期表现不理想,指数收益低于预期,进水的速度就可能跟不上出水的速度,甚至出现“只出不进”的情况。这个时候,水缸里的水就会慢慢变少。最极端的状况是水缸彻底流干,也就是保单的现金价值归零,那么保单自然会中断,整份保险就失效了。

在讨论 IUL 的时候,市面上常见两种声音:一种是过度美化,强调各种好处;另一种则是极端悲观,不断强调 IUL 扣费太高、很容易断保。
其实,很多人觉得 IUL 扣费“看起来很高”,主要是因为 IUL 对费用的披露非常清晰,把每一项费用、扣款方式都明确列出来,客户一目了然。反观其他类型的保单,它们的内部费用不一定更低,只是没有像 IUL 这样公开透明,所以让人误以为扣费少。换句话说,透明披露是 IUL 的特色,我们不应该把它当成缺点。

至于所谓的“断保风险”,如果只是一味强调,往往会放大客户的担忧,却没有提供真正有价值的信息。更重要的问题是:IUL 在被保险人生前,实际发生断保的概率有多高?和它能带来的保障与灵活性相比,这个风险是否值得承担?
这些才是客户真正需要理解的重点。在接下来的文章和视频里,我会更深入地分析这个问题,帮助大家全面理解 IUL,而不是只听到片面甚至是夸张的说法。

今天就讲到这里,如果您想要更深刻的了解IUL或者自己想要配置IUL,欢迎随时联系我:

我的WhatsApp: 69879885. 我的微信号:NU24102.

Important: The information and opinions in this article are for general information purposes only. They should not be relied on as professional financial advice. Readers should seek unbiased financial advice that is customised to their specific financial objectives, situations & needs. This advertisement or publication has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

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In compliance with the Personal Data Protection Act, Financial Alliance Pte Ltd (“FAPL”) seek your consent to collect and use your personal data (e.g. name, NRIC, contact numbers, mailing addresses, email addresses and photograph) for the purposes of and in accordance with FAPL’s Data Protection Policy, which can be found on FAPL’s website at https://fa.com.sg/data-protection-policy/.

根据《个人数据保护法》,鑫盟理财私人有限公司征求您的同意向您收集并使用您的个人信息。鑫盟理财将根据公司的个人数据保护政策所阐述的用途使用您的个人资料(例如姓名,证件号码,联系电话,邮寄地址,电邮地址和照片)。 该政策可在本公司网站上查寻,网址为 https://fa.com.sg/data-protection-policy/.

By submitting this form, you are deemed to have read and understood FAPL’s Personal Data Policy.

提交此表格,即表示您已阅读并理解鑫盟理财私人有限公司的个人数据政策